The three pillars of Prayer "Takbiratul Ihram"

A. Introduction

Readings pronunciation takbiratul ihram, accompanied by the intention and also accompanied by what is taught in the intention itself, like qaṡad, ta'arruḍ and ta'yīn, fardhiah intention, intention qashar to the traveler, the intention priesthood and ma'mumah

overall, by presenting all of which start from the beginning takbir to reading the letter "ra" in the phrase "اكبر".

Description. In this paper will be discussed on the pillars of prayer, especially takbiratul ihram that subject matter includes arguments of mandatory takbiratul ihram, the position of the hand when takbiratul ihram, and conclusions. This discussion is very important for people who pray to make it easier to understand the important things and fundamentally related to takbiratul ihram.

Relevance. Depth understanding of the takbiratul ihram is the main foundation of good to pray.

Purpose. This material is the substance of the pillars of prayer which gives the ability to mushalli to understand, explain, and practice in the implementation of the prayer.

B. Argument Mandatory Takbiratul Ihram

In a hadith, the Prophet said:

عَنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رض قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ص اِفْتَتَحَ التَّكْبِيْرَ فِى الصَّلاَةِ فَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حِيْنَ يُكَبّرُ حَتَّى يَجْعَلَهُمَا حَذْوَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ وَ اِذَا كَبّر لِلرُّكُوْعِ فَعَلَ مِثْلَهُ و َاِذَا قَالَ سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَعَلَ مِثْلَهُ وَ قَالَ: رَبَّنَا وَ لَكَ اْلحَمْدُ. وَ لاَ يَفْعَلْ ذ?لِكَ حِيْنَ يَسْجُدُ. وَ لاَ حِيْنَ يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ السُّجُوْدِ. (رواه البخارى)

Meaning: From 'Abdullah bin' Umar, he said, "I saw the Prophet, start with takbir when the prayer, he raised his hands when bertakbir so parallel to his shoulders, and when the Takbir for bowing he did like that. And if say "Sami'allāhu liman Hamidah", he did like that too, and he said "wa Rabbana lakal hamdu." And he did not do that so that when going to bow down, nor when lifting his head from prostration ". ¹

عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ص اِذَا قَامَ لِلصَّلاَةِ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى تَكُوْنَا حَذْوَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ، فَاِذَا اَرَادَ اَنْ يَرْكَعَ فَعَلَ مِثْلَ ذ?لِكَ، وَ اِذَا رَفَعَ مِنَ الرُّكُوْعِ فَعَلَ مِثْلَ ذ?لِكَ، وَ لاَ يَفْعَلُهُ حِيْنَ يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ السُّجُوْدِ.(رواه مسلم)

Meaning: From Ibn 'Umar, he said, "It is the Prophet, when standing for prayer, he raised his hands parallel to his shoulders so then bertakbir. And when will bowing his conduct such that, when getting up from bowing he did as it, and he did not do so (raised hands) when lifting the head from prostration ".²

ad-Dimyati and ar-Ramli said that the Prophet. said in a hadith:

إذا قمت إلى الصلاة فكبر

Meaning: When you pray, then say Takbeer (Muttafaq 'alayhi) "

v  Why takbiratul called ihram?

Named by takbiratul ihram as meaning lafadz "ihram" is the prohibition, since the takbir forbid any kosher done by people who perform prayer before he performs prayers. In takbiratul ihram, there is an implicit meaning that hints at how great substance we worship, ie Allah, therefore, the placed takbiratul ihram say at the beginning of the prayer. So perfected his prayer.

For people who like to lafadz authority shall say Takbeer "الله أكبر", because such an act prophet. The Prophet said:

صَلُّوا كَمَا رَأَيْتُمُونِي أُصَلِّي

Meaning: Pray you as you see me praying. (Transmitted by Bukhari)

It is not justified to say "الله كبير", because it is not contained meaning "أفعل". Similarly, should not say "الرحمن أكبر", "الرحيم أكبر", "الله أعظم" and "الله أجل", because it is not named as the pronunciation takbir. Should not reduce a single letter in lafad takbiratul ihram. Similarly, on-Takbeer-Takbeer intiqalat. And also may not add even a single letter is causing changes in the meaning of takbiratul ihram, such as reading hamzah lengthen the sentence "الله" and add "alif" after "ba" in the phrase "أكبر", because "أكبر" (by adding aleph) is a form of plural of simplex his "كبر" read faḥaḥ "ba" - which means drum or drum-faced one. And must not add a "waw" before the pronunciation "further inside" as mentioned in the book "fatawa al-qaffal", nor should not add tasydid on "ba" or "ra" in the phrase " أكبر “.³

C. Hand Position When Takbiratul Ihram

In terms of the position of the hands when saying takbiratul ihram Imam al-Ghazali revealed as follows:

... وَأَرْفَعُ يَدِيَكَ عِنْدَ التَّكْبيرِ بَعْدَ ارسالهما أَوَّلًا إِلَى مَنْكِبِيِكَ وَهُمَا مَبْسُوطَتَانٍِ وَأَصابِعُهُمَا مَنْشُورَةٌ وَلَا تَتَكَلَّفْ ضَمَّهُمَا وَلَا تَفْرِيقُهُمَا وَأَرْفَعُ يَدِيكَ بِحَيْثٌ تُحَاذَى بَابَهَا مِيِكَ شحمتى أَذِّنِيكَ وَرُموسُ أَصابِعِكَ أُعَالَى أُذْنِيِكَ وَتُحَاذَى بِكَفِّيِكَ مَنْكِبِيِكَ

When carrying out takbiratul ihram, in sunnah right hand picked up straight with shoulders. While fingers straightened and without holding hands. Imam al-Ghazali explained: "Lift up your hands when takbiratul ihram until straight on both shoulders after perpendicular to the bottom. Both arms stretched and straightened his fingers, not too tightened or stretched. The trick is hands raised up two thumbs met with two ears, and the index finger is on two ears and hands are above the shoulders. "⁴

D. Conclusion

Prayer is one of worship as a place for slaves to supplications to the Creator, Allah. Therefore, in any relationship with any other kind of prayer must be disconnected. All words and reading / kalam in the prayer should be reading God intends Munajah whether it be prayer or remembrance as takbiratul ihram. Therefore all human words in the prayer can cancel Ajnabi prayer.

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Reference:

1. Imam Bukhari, Sahih Al-Bukhari, the Section I (Egypt: Dār Maṭba'ī wa al-Syābi, nd), p. 180.

2. Imam Muslim, Sahih Muslim, Juz. I (Indonesian: Maktabah Dahlan, t.t.), p. 292.

3. al-Bakri Muhammad Syaṭa ad-Dimyati, I'ānah al-Talibin, Juz. I (Semarang: Toha Putra, t.t ..), p. 130-131. See also, Syihabuddin ar-Ramli, Nihayah al-Matlab, Juz. I (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, t.t.), p. 459.

4. Imam al-Ghazali, Bidayah al-Hidayah (Surabaya: al-Hidayah, 1418 H), h. 45.