Know Your Prayer Intention

A. Introduction

Intention is the spirit of each act of worship, without the intention of worship that do not legitimate, either mandatory or religious worship circumcision. The scholars have agreed that the intention is a condition of the validity of prayer. Therefore, the intention is the source of all worship mentioned in the Personality '. Intention is not a serious benefits that can be rationalized, ie beneficiaries sense organ that can be captured.

Description. This paper is an initial introduction of every Moslem with prayer. In this introduction, every Moslem will learn about pengetian intentions, harmonious intentions, and legal. It is realized that in order to understand and explain about the value of prayer is not adequate simply to provide an understanding of the scope of intent, but also see to it that they internalize the tenets of faith in religious activities does.

Relevance. The material discussed in this paper is expected to equip every Moslem of intent, which is the initial requirement is legitimate or not legitimate praying person.

Purpose. This paper aims to provide an understanding of the intentions of every Moslem.

B. Definition and Purpose of Intention

The intention was deliberately with a heart for prayers. Liabilities intention in prayer based on the hadith of the Prophet:

انما الاعمال بالنيات

al-Bakri al-Dimyati said:

…أَحَدُهَا ( نِيَّةٌ ) وَهِي الْقَصْدُ بِالْقَلْبِ لِخَبرٍَ إِنَّمَا الْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ ( فَيَجِبُ فِيهَا ) أَيْ النِّيَّةُ ( قُصِدَ فِعْلُهَا ) أَيْ الصَّلاَةُ لِتَتَمَيَّزُ عَنْ بَقِيَّةِ الْأَفْعَالِ ( وَتُعْيِينَهَا ) مِنْ ظُهْرٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهَا لِتَتَمَيَّزُ عَنْ غَيْرِهَا فَلَا يَكْفِيَ نِيَّةُ فَرْضِ الْوَقْتِ

Ie have a deliberate intention in the liver by the hadith "true validity of deeds depends intention". Then have a deliberate intent required in order to differentiate prayer prayers with other actions as well as the prescribed prayers menta'yinnya 'noon' or the other in order to differentiate with other prayers, it is not enough merely intent obligatory prayers time (now) for example.[1]

The purpose of prayer intention is to differentiate with other acts not worship.

C-Pillars-Pillars Intention

In intentions, there are three things that must be presented:

1. Qaṡad, ie deliberate hearts will perform the prayer. So different from the act other than prayer.   such as (أصلي / I accidentally)

2. Ta'raḍ, which is expressed with a heart of prayer is fard or circumcision, so different from each (fard / circumcision) of others.

3. Ta'yīn, meaning specify prayer will do, for example, the noon prayer, 'Asr.

     For example: اصلى فرض الظهر

Intention is the practice of the liver, should be in tandem with takbiratul ihram. That is when say takbeer let liver aware intends to pray, to remember what was done praying, and also about its obligations. And is not required to move the tongue in intent.

 )مَقْرُونًا بِهِ ) أَيٌّ بِالتَّكْبيرِ ،( النِّيَّةُ ) لِاَنَّ التَّكْبيرُ أَوَّلَ أَرْكَانُ الصَّلاَةِ فَتَجِبُ مُقَارَنَتُهَا بِهِ

Takbiratul ihram should be done simultaneously (muqaranah) with intent (prayer), because it is the pillar prayer takbir early, then it must coincide with niat.[2]

D. Law of Intention

Imam Yahya Abu Zakaria al-Ansari in his book, al-Ṭullab Tuhfah bi Sharh al-Tahrir explained that one of the obligations in the prayer is included (muqāranah) the value of prayer when reading takbiratul ihram. Furthermore, he explained in Hasyiah al-syarqawi 'ala al-Tahrir that there are some legal details about muqāranah and istiḍhar, including:

1. Istiḍhar essentials, namely to bring the whole prayer in the soul, that is presenting the 13 pillars of prayer in detail, that is the way to present it in a special soul. Like imagining a bride and groom on top of the altar (when we imagine a bride and groom on top of the aisle, would have imagined the groom, bride, and the wedding at once. All three will be present in our minds at once, as well as in this case)

2. Istiḍhar 'urfi, which presents a form of prayer as a whole, by way intend prayers, download ta'yīnkan prayers (eg, noon or' Asr), and the intention or sunnatnya fard salat (qaṡad, ta'arruḍ and ta'yīn)

3. Muqāranah essentials, which include the intention from the beginning until the final readings readings takbiratul ihram.

4. Muqāranah 'urfi, which include intent only on one portion of the reading portion takbiratul Ihram all.

Imam an-Nawani (631H-676H) in the book of al-Majmoo 'Sharh al-Muhaẓẓab and other priests also found for the general public is sufficient Muqāranah' urfi alone, without having any intrinsic Muqāranah. This opinion is based on ikhtar (opinion selected) Imam al-Haramain Juwaini (419H-476H) and Imam al-Ghazali (450H-505H). And this opinion is justified by Imam Tajuddin Abdul Wahhab al-Subki (727H-771H) .[3]

Said shahibul Mugni: Lafḍun Milky nawāhu ta'kīdan Kana (Lafad of anything that it is intended only for the sake of reinforcing intention) .[4] Similarly, Ibn Hajar al-Haitami revealed in the book Tuhfatul Muhtaj:

)وَيُنْدَبُ النُّطْقُ ) بِالْمَنْوِيِّ ( قَبِيلُ التَّكْبيرِ ) لِيُسَاعِدُ اللِّسَانُ الْقلبُ وَخُرُوجَا مِنْ خِلاَفٍ مَنْ أَوْجَبَهُ وَإِنَّ شَذَّ وَقِيَاسًا عَلَى مَا يَأْتِي فِي الْحَجِّ

And circumcised melafazdkan (say) the intention before dawn prayers, so that can help the liver and oral as well to get out of a blunder people who require it though (this requires the opinion) is Syad (deviant), and to an sunnah is also because qiyas against their pronunciation in intent Hajj "[5]

It's so beautiful words of scholars, they should avoid disputes even in cases like this, not like this time, some small groups there who labor ASBED (different origin), always lift khilafiyah case and so easy to make allegations of bid their mouths' ah to the opinions of others. Whereas in other words, they are bringing charges of heresy, blasphemy essentially clerics and scholars accused the sect has said the Sunnah.

Similarly sunnah melafadkan intention of scholars Syafi'iyah can also be referred to the opinion of the book syafi'iyah other scholars and books of other scholars sect. Saying the intention (Talaffuḍ binniyah) is also a good speech, not speech is bad, dirty and despicable. As a kind word then surely blessed by Allah, and Allah is well pleased with words. As Allah says:

مَا يَلْفِظُ مِن قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ

Meaning: There is no one else who pronounced his speech, but there is a nearby angel supervisors are always present. (al-Qaf / 50: 18).

مَن كَانَ يُرِيدُ الْعِزَّةَ فَلِلَّهِ الْعِزَّةُ جَمِيعاً إِلَيْهِ يَصْعَدُ الْكَلِمُ الطَّيِّبُ وَالْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ يَرْفَعُه

Meaning: Whoever desires honor, then to Allah the glory of it all. To Him ascend good words and good works raised him. (Al-Fatir / 35: 10)[6]

Thus, saying the intention (Talaffuḍ binniyah) as a good speech, it also has its own reward with Allah value based on the verses above. In the other schools also download the express intention sunnah, for example; Hanafi.

E. Conclusions

Excerpt above illustrates that the prayers had been declared already begun when takbiratul Ihram which also coincide with the intention (between intention and Takbir is the same). Activity or any utterance before it, is not included in the pillars of prayer, as well as saying the intention, not included in part of (pillars) prayer.

Mandatory intend to pray fard (including kifayah fard, or obligatory because vows) although that is working on a small child. Examples such as "I sake only the obligatory prayers zuhur / obligatory Friday (though priests have been in the position tasyahud)". And the intention, in the sunnah prayer attributed to Allah (like say lillahi Ta'ala). The goal is to manifest sincerity to Allah. Similarly in the sunnah prayer intention cash / qadha. And based on strong opinion, legitimate prayers with the intention of making up cash, and vice versa. But this is only true when the senility, for example cloudy, and so on. If not, then his prayer is invalid, because it was considered talā'ub (tinkering) in worship. And in the Sunnah also intends facing the Qiblah and intend number rak'ah. The Sunnah of the utter intentions before takbiratul ihram, the goal is to make him more focused.

Presumably by reading this article carefully and soulful, inshallah already memada for yourself. Wallahua'lam.

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[1]  al-Bakri Muhammad Syaṭa ad-Dimyaṭi, I’ānah al-Ṭālibīn, Juz. I (Semarang: Toha Putra, t.t..), h. 126-127.

[2] Ibid, h. 130-131.

[3] Zakaria al-Anṣari, Tuhfah al-Ṭullab bi syarh al-Tahrīr, Juz. I (Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, t.t.), h. 177-178. Lihat juga, Zakaria al-Anṣari, Ḥasyiah Syarqawi ‘ala al-Tahrīr, Juz. I (Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, t.t.), h. 178.

[4] Khatib Syarbaini, al-Mugni al-Muḥtāj Ila Ma’rifati al-fāḍ al-Minḥāj, Juz. I (Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, t.t.), h. 278.

[5] Ibnu Hajar al-Haitami, Tuḥfah al-Muḥtāj bi Syarh al-Minḥāj, Juz. II (Mesir: Mathba’ah Mustafa Muhammad, t.t. ), h. 12. Lihat juga, Wahbah Zuhaili, al-Fiqh al-Islam wa Adillatuh, Juz. I (Damaskus: Dār al-Fikr, 2004), h. 767.

[6] RI, Agama ,Departemen. al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya, (Jakarta: Proyek Pengadaan Kitab Suci al-Qur’an Departemen Agama RI, 1990).